Botany



Fill in these diagrams to help review for the final exams answers can be found on the second document





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=Vocabulary =

roots- The base of a plant which takes in water and nutrients from the soil.

stem- The middle part of plant that connects parts such as the pistil and stigma to the roots. leaves. The stem contains vascular tissue to help transport important materials, such as oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, and sugar.

flowers- An often good-smelling, colorful plant that goes throught photosynthesis and is pollinated by other flowers. The flowers are responsible for the reproduction in a plant.

osmosis- The passage of a water through a semi-permeable membrane from a higher to lower concentration of water. The kidney bean that sits over night in water takes water in and expands the next day. This is because there is lots of water outside of the bean and no water inside the bean. The water traveled from a higher to lower concentration. In the celery lab, the water travels up through the Xylem to the leaves through osmosis during the process of transpiration. In the osmosis egg lab, we put water surrounding the egg, and water began to fill the egg and increased its width. When karo syrup was put on the outside of the egg, water traveled outside the egg and the membrane decreased in width on the next day.

vascular tissue- In the stem of the plant, the vascular tissue moves important materials to each cell of the plant. This is very similar to a circulatory system. The vascular tissue is made of both the xylem and the phloem.

xylem- Moves WATER UP through the plant.

phloem- Moves SUGAR DOWN through the plant.

Up the Xylem, Down the Phloem 

photosynthesis-

===**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0.1em;"> 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy >>> C6H12O6 + 6O2 ** ===

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<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">cellular respiration-the process in living organisms of taking in oxygen and sugar from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide, water, and usable energy.

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<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">chlorophyll- A group of green pigments found in plants. Chlorophyll is found in the chloroplast of a plant cell. This is where photosynthesis takes place.

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<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> stomate- Plant struct ure that regulates how much water is released from the plant. The stomate lets in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen and water into the atmosphere.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">transpiration- The process where water travels through the ground to the roots to the xylem and out the leaves to the atmosphere. Transpiration is "evaporation" through a plant in the water cycle.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">light energy- Energy given from the sun to sustain life. This energy spreads through the ecosystem and is a model for domino causality.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">carbon dioxide- A colorless, odorless, incombustible gas, CO2, formed during respiration, combustion, and organic decomposition. <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Carbon Dioxide is an example of a compound. The elements carbon and oxygen are bonded with a covalent bond (sharing electrons) Carbon Dioxide is an important part of the Carbon Cycle in our garden and every ecosystem.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">oxygen- O2- An element that allows that continuation of life. Oxygen Gas is a compound. Two elements of oxygen are bonded together by a covalent bond. Oxygen is a product in the process of photosynthesis and a reactant in the process of cellular respiration.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">sugar- <span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|crystalline] substances, mainly <span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|sucrose], <span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|lactose] , and <span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|fructose][|[] <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Sugar is an example of a compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugar is a product of the process of photosynthesis and a reactant in the process of cellular respiration.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">water- water is in the process of helping the plants grow and in the system of photosynthesis. Water travels through the plant through the process of transpiration, which is an important part of the water cycle. Water is a compound that is made of two different elements, oxygen and hydrogen. Water is regulated by the plant with the both the waxy cuticle and the stomate. The waxy cuticle on the upper side of the leaf makes sure excess water does not leave the plant. The guard cells of the stomate underneath the leaf opens and closes allowing water exit the plant.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">petal- colored part of the flower that attracts insects and birds by their bright colors and smells during the process of pollination.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">sepal- the two leaves on the flower that are attached under the flower petal.. The sepal protects the flower before it blooms.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">pollen grain- each pollen grain contains a male sperm cell that travels from one flower to another by wind, insects, water. The pollen grain will attach itself to the stigma during pollination. Then a pollen grain will travel down a pollen tube in the style of the pistil. The pollen grain travels to the ovary where it finds and ovule and fertilizes the egg.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">anther- top part of the stamen that produces pollen. In the lab, the powder that spilled from the anther over your hands and the petals were pollen grains.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">filament- stalk of the stamen that bears the anther. The filament lifts the pollen grains and the anther so they are more likely to make the trip to another plant.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">stigma- Top part of the pistil upon which pollen lands and pollinates.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">style- the stalk of the pistil that connects the stigma to the ovary. This is where you will find the pollen tube during fertilization.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">ovary- Base part of the pistil that bears ovules and develops in to fruit

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">ovule- small egg/seed

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">pollination- transfer pollen from the anther, pollen grain, stigma <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">water insects wind

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">fertilization- pollen, pollen tube, egg, seed <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">this process takes place in the ovary and produces a seed.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">seed dispersal-is the movement or transport of <span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|seeds] away from the parent plant

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">germination- the process of which the growth of a seed begins. A seed will come out of dormancy with the right amount of water and temperature. Think of the bean plant experiment in a cup.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">embryo-early stage of growth of a plant. The embryo of a bean plant is located between the two cotyledons.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">cotyledon- The embryo is atached to the cotyledon. The cotyledon contains energy for the plant to germinate and grow, as there may not be any sunlight deep inside the soil or ground.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">hillum, micropyle, seed coat- is a small <span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|embryonic] [|plant] enclosed in a covering called the seed coat

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">epicotyl, hypocotyl, radicle- These structures are all a part of the embryo - that will eventually grow to become a plant. Epicotyl - becomes the leaves, Hypocotyl -becomes the stem, Radicle - becomes the roots.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">dormancy -when something is not physically living and is waiting for the right conditions to grow Ex. deciduous trees are dormant in the winter and lose their leaves. Tulip bulbs planted in the ground are dormant until the right amount of water and temperature occurs in the spring. Kidney beans in the bag at the grocery store are dormant, but when soaked overnight will begin to germinate. Another example is a dormant<span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">Dormant volcano.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">perennial bulbs <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">February blooms- Snowdrop <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">March blooms- Crocus, Squill, Glory in the Snow <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">April blooms- Grape Hyacinth, Squill, Glory in the Snow, Tulip, Daffodil

=<span style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">Questions =

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">Multiple Choice
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1. In our celery lab, which tissues were we studying when we watched color rise

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">up the celery stalk <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A. phloem C. stems <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B. roots **__D. xylem__** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">2. In what part of the plant would you find the greatest number of chloroplasts? <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A. stem **__C. leaves__** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B. cambrium D. roots <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">3. Each of the following is a fruit except a <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> **__A. potato__** C. squash <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B. tomato D. strawberry <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">4. The bean plant in the dishwasher grew the tallest. This data helps to show is NOT an important variable for <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">germination of a bean plant. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> **__A light__** C. water <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B.soil D. temperature <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">5. This blue flower blooms in late march and the petals droop downwards <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A. Glory-in-the-Snow C) Grape Hyacynth <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> **__B. Blue squill__** D) blue Iris <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">6. The part of the flower that you would find a pollen tube <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A. stigma **__C. style__** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B. ovary D. stamen <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">7. The thickened part of the ovary wall that holds the fertilized seed is the <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A. petal **C. fruit** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B. anther <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">8. The parts of the flower most involved with attracting pollinators are the <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A. pistils C. sepals <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B. seeds **__D. petals__**

=<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">Short answer = <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1. Plants do not have muscles to move from place to place. What are ways that plants can travel over land or water?

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A way a plant can move from place to place is from the wind. Also if it moves in the water the water current can move it that way. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">2. Describe three ways seeds can be dispersed? What is the advantage to seed dispersal? <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Plant seeds are dispersed from the Stigma (Male reproductive organ) and lands and pollinates on a pistil (Female reproductive organ). Three ways this pollination can occur include wind, animals/insects, and water. The advantage to seed dispersal is that we do not have to monitor ceratin plants and thier growth in an area but instead let plats pollinate each otheror self pollinate. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">3. fill in the table below: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Place the flower blooms in the correct month - tulip, daffodil, snowdrop, blue squill, glory-in-the-snow, grape hyacinth


 * <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">February || <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Early March || <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Late March || <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">April ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Snowdrop || <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Crocus || <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Squill || <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Squill ||
 * ||  ||   ||   || <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Glory in the Snow || <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Glory in the Snow ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   || <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tulip ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   || <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Daffodil ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   || <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Grape Hyacinth ||

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">4. How does a kidney bean or a tulip bulb come out of dormancy? <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The tulip bulb comes out of dormancy by the power of sun (temperature) and the moisture in the soil. Plants are triggered by day length, so so bloom in early spring (snowdrops), while others bloom in late spring (grape hyacynth, peony, iris)

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">5. Explain the process of transpiration in a plant. <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">water travels through the plant through the **roots, xylem, leaves, and stomate back into the atmosphere**. There is lots of water in the ground. Water can return back to the air in the form of a gas by either evaporation or transpiration. Transpiration is like "evaporation" through a plant. In the stream, many times too much water runoff causes flooding which erodes the river bank and pollutes the stream. Plantings around the bank of a stream help to take some of that excess water and return the water to the atmosphere - avoiding flooding. As we have put more plantings in the gardens on campus, more water will return to the atmosphere by transpiration rather than flooding the soil in our gardens. Our plants in the lower school learning garden have reduced the amount of flooding over the years.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">6. The hypocotyl located in the embryo will eventually become what part of the growing plant?

​ the hypocotyl will eventually grow to become the stem of the plant. The stem contains vascular tissue - the xylem and phloem of the plant.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">7. Stomata are found in the leaves of the plant. What are their jobs? <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Stomata/Stomates are found on leaves of a plant to perform thier job by regulating how much **water** is released to the enviroment. Stomates also allow **carbon dioxide**to enter the leaf for photosynthesis and release **oxygen** into the atmosphere.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">We saw stomates on the electron microscope on the flower petal? Why were they located on the flower petal? <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Near the viens on the petal.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">8. What structures carry water up to the leaves of the plant? <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Vascular Tissue called the XYLEM transports WATER up to the leaves in the plant

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">9. What part of the plant supplies the food and energy for the plant to survive? <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Part of a plant that supplies the energy and food are **the Leaves** where photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of the plant cell. There is a misconception that the roots supply Food, but the **Roots actually supply the plant with WATER and important Minerals from the SOIL.**

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">10. What are three different ways that a flower can pollinate.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">-Wind <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">-Insect/Animals <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">-Water

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">11. Draw all the parts of the flower (for example, the Emperor Red Tulip) and label all the parts below: ( Look at the quiz we took on this in April) <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">12. Draw all the important parts of a kidney bean and label all the parts below:

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A) **epicotyl** - leaves B) **seed coat** C) **cotyledon**- stores energy for the plant D) **hypocotyl** - stem E) **radicle** -roots <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Parts A, D, and E are all parts of the **embryo** that will become a plant <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**Essay Questions** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1. Explain in the roles of the following structures during photosynthesis : <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">stomates, chloroplast, chlorophyll, xylem, phloem, and roots <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">2. How do flowers produce seeds? Name and describe the four major steps in the correct order. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Flowers produce seeds by these four major steps. Pollination, Fertizlation, Seed Dispersal, and Germination. Pollination= anther-pollen grain- stigma <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">fertilization = Pollen, Pollen tube, egg, seed Seed Dispersal= Wind, water, animals Germination= Seed-Plant <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">3. How does a water molecule travel from the soil up to the leaves and out to the air. Explain what structures are involved in the process of transpiration.

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<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Water enters the watershed as rain and falls to the ground. Water is absorbed in the ground and is taken in through the roots by the process of osmosis and capillary action. The water travels up to the stem of the plant. In the stem, it travels in the Vascular Tissue in the plant. Water specifically travels up the Xylem and to the leaves.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">In the Leaves the water then becomes a part of the process called photosynthesis. Water and Carbon Dioxide enter the chloraplast inside the plant cell. With the help of light, a chemical reaction takes place. (Domino Causality) The products of photosynthesis are both Oxygen and Sugar. Excess water leaves the plants and returns to the atmosphere through the stomata underneath the leaf of the plant. The waxy cuticle on the top layer of the leaf keeps the plant from losing too much water.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The water returns to the atomsphere. This is a part of the Water Cycle. This process of the water traveling through the plant to the atmosphere is a part of Cyclic Causality. When we have lots of concrete and roads, there is lots of water runoff that increases damage from erosion. Some of the erosion can be avoided by planting more plants in the community to return the excess water back into the atomsphere.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">9. What part of the plant supplies the food and energy for the plant to survive?

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Leaves of the plant. This is where PHOTOSYNTHESIS takes place. Carbon dioxide reacts with water and light inside the chloroplast of an animals cell. These reactants help to produce the products Oxygen and Sugar (glucose). The Food web spreads this chemical energy in a straight line up the food chain.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">﻿the ROOTS do NOT supply food to the plant. The roots supply water and important nutrients to the plant. Some of those nutrients would include nitrogen from the soil.

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">10. What are three different ways that a flower can pollinate.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">butterfly, bee, hummingbird, wind

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(cross-pollination and self-pollination) see the enotes in your binder

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Multiple Choice

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__1. On Day 3 in the Osmosis Lab, the water traveled from a higher concentration to lower concentration. As a result, the egg__ ___ .__ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__ A) stayed the same size, since the egg shell was being broken down __ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__ B) increased in size traveling from the inside to the outside of the egg __ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;">__C) increased in size traveling from the outside to the inside of the egg__ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__ D) shrunk in size traveling from the inside to the outside of the egg __ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__. __

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">___2. Calculate the % of 20 ml of soil (15 ml sand, 3 mL silt, and 2 ml clay)__ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__ A) 15 % sand, 30% silt, 20 % clay __ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__ B) 50 % sand, 30% silt, 20% caly __ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__ C) 75 % sand, 10% silt, 15% clay __ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;">__D) 75% sand, 15% silt, 10% clay__

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">___ 3. A following soil type would be best for retaining water in the soil?__ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__ A) 80% sand, 10% silt, 10% clay __ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;">__B) 50 % sand, 30% silt, 20% clay__ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__ C) 75 % sand, 10% silt, 15% clay __ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__ D) 75% sand, 15% silt, 10% clay __

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">4. The plant gets its energy from the following: <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A) soil <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B) roots <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">C) leaves <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">D) flowers

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__5. What is the main function of the cotyledon in the kidney bean plant?__ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__A) to give plenty of water for the embryo to grow__ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__B) to later become the leaves of the plant__ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__C) to fasten into the ground and become the roots__ <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__D) to give plenty of energy for the embryo to grow__

<span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">6. When they collect nectar from flowers, bees also transport <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A) pistils from flower to flower B) seeds from flower to flower <span style="color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">C) pollen from flower to flower D) nutrients from flower to flower